The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a flagship scheme of the Government of India launched in 2015 with the objective of providing affordable housing for all by 2022. The scheme covers both rural and urban areas and aims to benefit about 100 million households.
Under PMAY, eligible beneficiaries can avail of interest subsidy on home loans, direct financial assistance for housing construction, and other benefits. The scheme has four components:
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U): This component provides financial assistance to eligible urban households to construct or purchase a house.
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G): This component provides financial assistance to eligible rural households to construct a pucca house.
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC): This component provides direct financial assistance to eligible households to construct their own houses.
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP): This component facilitates the development of affordable housing projects in partnership with private developers.
The Eligibility criteria for PMAY vary depending on the component. However, in general, beneficiaries must be Indian citizens, have a minimum annual income, and own a land parcel of a certain size.
The application process for PMAY is also different for each component. However, in general, beneficiaries can apply online or offline through the concerned authorities.
The PMAY is a major initiative of the Government of India to address the housing shortage in the country. The scheme has been well-received by the public and has had a positive impact on the housing sector.
Here are some of the key benefits of PMAY:
- It provides financial assistance to eligible households to construct or purchase a house.
- It helps to reduce the housing shortage in the country.
- It stimulates the housing sector and creates jobs.
- It improves the quality of life of the beneficiaries.
The PMAY is a significant step towards providing affordable housing for all in India. The scheme has the potential to make a real difference in the lives of millions of people.
प्रधानमंत्री आवास योजना (PMAY) भारत सरकार की एक महत्वाकांक्षी योजना है जिसका उद्देश्य 2023 तक गरीबी रेखा से नीचे जीवन यापन करने वाले सभी परिवारों को पक्के घर उपलब्ध कराना है। इस योजना के तहत, सरकार ग्रामीण और शहरी दोनों क्षेत्रों में गरीबों को घर बनाने के लिए आर्थिक सहायता प्रदान करती है।
You can read: PM Awas Yojana 2023 -How to Apply PMAY,List
PMAY की वर्तमान स्थिति
25 अगस्त, 2023 तक, PMAY के तहत 24.28 मिलियन पक्के घरों का निर्माण पूरा किया जा चुका है। इनमें से 14.35 मिलियन ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में और 9.93 मिलियन शहरी क्षेत्रों में हैं।
सरकार ने दिसंबर 2023 तक 29.3 मिलियन PMAY घरों का निर्माण पूरा करने का लक्ष्य रखा है। इन घरों के निर्माण को पूरा करने हेतु प्रधानमंत्री मोदी सरकार द्वारा प्रदान की गई समय सीमा 26 जनवरी 2024 है। इन PMAY घरों के निर्माण की प्रगति की अधिकृत PMAY अधिकारियों द्वारा बारीकी से निगरानी की जा रही है, इस वजह से PMAY ग्रामीण घरों के निर्माण का लक्ष्य समय पर हासिल हो जाएगा।
PMAY की कुछ प्रमुख उपलब्धियाँ
- PMAY ने गरीबी रेखा से नीचे जीवन यापन करने वाले परिवारों को पक्के घर उपलब्ध कराने के लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है।
- इस योजना ने भारत में आवास क्षेत्र को बढ़ावा दिया है और लाखों लोगों को रोजगार प्रदान किया है।
- PMAY ने भारत में आवास की गुणवत्ता में सुधार किया है।
PMAY की कुछ चुनौतियाँ
- PMAY को अभी भी कई चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ रहा है, जिनमें शामिल हैं:
- जमीन की उपलब्धता
- वित्तपोषण की कमी
- भ्रष्टाचार
- सरकार को इन चुनौतियों का समाधान करने के लिए ठोस कदम उठाने की आवश्यकता है।
कुल मिलाकर, PMAY भारत में आवास क्षेत्र के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण योजना है। इस योजना ने गरीबी रेखा से नीचे जीवन यापन करने वाले परिवारों के लिए आवास की समस्या को हल करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है।
Types of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a government of India scheme that aims to provide affordable housing to all eligible citizens by 2022. The scheme has two components: PMAY-G (Gramin) and PMAY-U (Urban).
- PMAY-G focuses on providing affordable housing in rural areas. It is a cost-sharing scheme between the central government and state governments, with the central government providing a 60% subsidy for the construction of houses in plain areas and a 90% subsidy for the construction of houses in hilly and North Eastern areas.
- PMAY-U focuses on providing affordable housing in urban areas. It is implemented in three phases:
- Phase 1 (April 2015 to March 2017): The government aimed to cover 100 cities in this phase.
- Phase 2 (April 2017 to March 2019): The government aimed to cover an additional 200 cities in this phase.
- Phase 3 (April 2020 to March 2024): The government aims to cover the remaining cities in this phase.
The PMAY scheme has been successful in providing affordable housing to millions of people in India. As of March 2023, the government has completed the construction of over 24 million houses under the scheme. The PMAY scheme is a major step towards achieving the goal of providing housing for all in India.
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Here are some additional details about the PMAY scheme:
- The scheme is open to all eligible citizens, regardless of their income or social status.
- The eligibility criteria for the scheme vary depending on the location of the house.
- The scheme provides a variety of benefits to eligible beneficiaries, including financial assistance, technical assistance, and land.
- The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD).
What Are the Features of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Scheme?
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a government-led initiative to provide affordable housing to economically weaker sections and low-income groups in India. The scheme is implemented through three verticals: PMAY-U (urban), PMAY-G (rural), and PMAY-CLSS (credit-linked subsidy scheme).
Eligibility Criteria
To be eligible for the PMAY scheme, households must meet the following criteria:
- Annual income of up to INR 18 lakhs
- Not own a permanent house in any part of India
Benefits of the Scheme
The PMAY scheme provides financial assistance to eligible beneficiaries for the construction or improvement of their houses. The amount of assistance varies depending on the income category of the beneficiary and the type of house being constructed.
- EWS and LIG households in urban areas can receive an interest subsidy of up to 6.5% on the loan amount for the construction of a new house.
- MIG households in urban areas can receive an interest subsidy of up to 4% on the loan amount for the construction of a new house.
- EWS and LIG households in rural areas can receive a grant of INR 2.67 lakhs for the construction of a new house.
- MIG households in rural areas can receive a grant of INR 1.33 lakhs for the construction of a new house.
Implementation of the Scheme
The PMAY scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) through state governments and municipal bodies. The scheme is monitored through a web-based monitoring system called AwaasSoft.
Funding of the Scheme
The PMAY scheme is funded by the Government of India, state governments, and beneficiaries. The funding pattern for the scheme varies based on the vertical being implemented.
Subsidy Rates of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)
Particulars | Interest Subsidy | Maximum Loan for Subsidy |
EWS | 6.50% p.a. | Up to Rs.6 lakh |
LIG | 6.50% p.a. | Up to Rs.6 lakh |
MIG -1 | 4.00% p.a. | Up to Rs.9 lakh |
MIG-2 | 3.00% p.a. | Up to Rs.12 lakh |
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) Beneficiaries
Beneficiary | Annual Income Range |
Middle Income Group I (MIG I) | Income between Rs.6 lakh and Rs.12 lakh |
Middle Income Group II (MIG II) | Income between Rs.12 lakh and Rs.18 lakh |
Lower Income Group (LIG) | Income between Rs.3 lakh and Rs.6 lakh |
Economically Weaker Section (EWS) | Income up to Rs.3 lakh |
Apart from the categories mentioned above, individuals belonging to SC, ST, and OBC categories, as well as women from the EWS and LIG income groups, are also eligible for the PMAY scheme.
Highlights of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
Key Highlights | Economically Weaker Section (EWS) | Lower Income Group (LIG) |
Eligible Housing Loan Amount for Interest Subsidy | Up to Rs.6 lakh | Up to Rs.6 lakh |
Maximum Loan Tenure | 20 years | 20 years |
Discounted Rate for Calculation of Net Present Value of Interest Subsidy | 9.00% | 9.00% |
Dwelling Unit Carpet Area | Up to 30 square meters | Up to 60 square meters |
Duration of Scheme | June 17, 2015, to December 31, 2024 | June 17, 2015, to December 31, 2024 |
Applicability of No Pucca House | Not applicable for upgrade or renovation | – |
Woman Ownership/Co-ownership | Not required for existing property. Mandatory for new acquisitions. | – |
Amount Paid in Lump Payment for Each Sanctioned Housing Loan application | Rs.3,000 | Rs.3,000 |
Quality of Flat/House Construction | Compliant with BIS Codes, National Building Code, and NDMA Guidelines | – |
Approvals for the Building Design | Mandatory | Mandatory |
Basic Civic Infrastructure (water, electricity, sanitation, sewerage, road etc.) | Mandatory | Mandatory |
Maximum Interest Subsidy Amount | Rs.2,67,280 | Rs.2,67,280 |
Parameters of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
Key Parameters | Middle Income Group I (MIG I) | Middle Income Group II (MIG II) |
Eligible Housing Loan Amount for Interest Subsidy | Up to Rs.9 lakh | Up to Rs.12 lakh |
Maximum Loan Tenure | 20 years | 20 years |
Dwelling Unit Carpet Area | 160 square meters | 200 square meters |
Maximum Interest Subsidy Amount | Rs.2,35,068 | Rs.2,30,156 |
Lump Sum Amount Paid for Each Sanctioned Housing Loan Application Instead of processing fee | Rs.2,000 | Rs.2,000 |
Discounted Rate for Calculation of Net Present Value of Interest Subsidy | 9.00% | 9.00% |
Duration of Scheme | January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2024 | January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2024 |
Woman Ownership/Co-ownership | Not mandatory | Not mandatory |
Applicability of No Pucca House | Yes | Yes |
Approvals for the Building Design | Mandatory | Mandatory |
Quality of House/Flat Construction | Compliant with relevant codes and guidelines | – |
Basic Civic Infrastructure (water, road, sanitation, sewerage, electricity etc.) | Mandatory | Mandatory |
Income Proof to Claim Subsidy | Self-declaration | Self-declaration |
Identity Proof | Aadhaar Card Number |
How to Apply for Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana?
There are two ways to apply for the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY):
- Online: You can apply online through the PMAY website at pmaymis.gov.in: http://pmaymis.gov.in/. You will need to create an account and provide your personal, income, and bank account details.
- Offline: You can also apply offline by filling out a physical application form at any Common Service Centre (CSC) or bank branch that is empanelled under the PMAY scheme.
The application process for the PMAY scheme varies depending on the vertical you are applying for. Here are the steps involved in applying for the PMAY-U scheme:
- Go to the PMAY website and create an account.
- Select the “Apply for PMAY-U” option.
- Enter your Aadhaar number and click on the “Submit” button.
- The website will verify your Aadhaar number and display your details.
- Fill out the application form and upload the required documents.
- Submit the application form and pay the application fee.
The application process for the PMAY-G scheme is similar to the PMAY-U scheme. However, you will need to provide additional information, such as the location of your house and the type of house you want to construct.
Once you have submitted your application, the PMAY authorities will review your application and approve it if you are eligible for the scheme. You will then be able to avail of the benefits of the scheme, such as an interest subsidy or a grant.
Here are some of the documents you will need to submit along with your application form:
- Aadhaar card of all the members of the household
- Income certificate
- Bank account details
- Proof of residence
- Proof of ownership of the land (if applicable)
For more information on how to apply for the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, you can visit the PMAY website or contact the nearest CSC or bank branch.
How to Check Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Application Status?
There are two ways to check the status of your Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) application:
- Online: You can check the status of your application online through the PMAY website at pmaymis.gov.in: http://pmaymis.gov.in/. You will need to enter your application ID and the OTP that will be sent to your registered mobile number.
- By SMS: You can also check the status of your application by sending an SMS to 8448824433. The SMS format is:
PMAY <space> Application ID
For example, if your application ID is 1234567890, you will send the following SMS:
PMAY 1234567890
The PMAY authorities will send you an SMS with the status of your application.
Here are the possible statuses of your PMAY application:
- Pending: Your application is still under review.
- Approved: Your application has been approved and you are eligible for the benefits of the scheme.
- Rejected: Your application has been rejected. You can contact the PMAY authorities to know the reason for the rejection.
- Under Process: The process of disbursing the benefits of the scheme is underway.
- Completed: The benefits of the scheme have been disbursed to you.
If you have any questions about the PMAY scheme or the application process, you can contact the PMAY authorities at 1800-11-6686.
Status by Name, Father’s Name & Mobile Number
To check the status of your PMAY (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana) application, you can try the following steps:
- Visit the official PMAY website (http://pmaymis.gov.in/) and click on the “Citizen Assessment” tab.
- On the next page, select your state and district and enter your application ID or mobile number.
- Click on the “Search” button to view the status of your application.
Status Using Assessment ID
To check the status of your PMAY application, follow these steps:
- Go to the official PMAY website (http://pmaymis.gov.in/).
- Click on the “Citizen Assessment” tab.
- Select your state and district, and enter your application ID or mobile number.
- Click “Search” to view the status of your application.
State Level Nodal Agencies for Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban)
State/UT | Organisation Name | Address and Email |
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Municipal Council, Port Blair – 744101 Email: jspwdud@gmail.com |
Andhra Pradesh | Andhra Pradesh State Housing Corporation Limited | Andhra Pradesh State Housing Corporation Limited, Himayat Nagar, Hyderabad – 500029 Email: apshcl.ed@gmail.com |
Andhra Pradesh | Andhra Pradesh Township Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited | Flat number 502, Vijaya Lakshmi Residency, Gunadala, Vijayawada – 520004 Email: aptsidco@gmail.com,mdswachchandhra@gmail.com |
Arunachal Pradesh | Government of Arunachal Pradesh | Department of Urban Development and Housing, Mob-II, Itanagar Email: chiefengineercumdir2009@yahoo.com,cecumdirector@udarunachal.in |
Assam | Government of Assam | Block A, Room no. 219, Assam Secretariat, Dispur, Guwahati – 781006 Email: directorcpassam@gmail.com |
Bihar | Government of Bihar | Urban Development and Housing Department, Vikas Bhawan, Bailey road, New Secretariat, Patna, Bihar – 15 Email: sltcraybihar@gmail.com |
Chandigarh | Chandigarh Housing Board | Sector 9-D, Chandigarh – 160017 Email: chb_chd@yahoo.com,infor@chb.co.in |
Chhattisgarh | Government of Chhattisgarh | Mahanadi Bhawan Mantralaya, Room No. S-1/4, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh Email: pmay.cg@gmail.com |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu | Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu | Secretariat, Silvassa – 396220 Email: devcom-dd@nic.in |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli | Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli | Secretariat, Silvassa – 396220 Email: pp_parmar@yahoo.com |
Goa | Government of Goa | GSUDA, 6th Floor, Shram Shakti Bhavan, Patto – Panaji Email: gsuda.gsuda@yahoo.com |
Gujarat | Government of Gujarat | Affordable Housing Mission, New Sachivalaya, Block No. 14/7, 7th floor, Gandhinagar – 382010 Email: gujarat.ahm@gmail.com,mis.ahm2014@gmail.com |
Haryana | State Urban Development Agency | Bays-11-14, Palika Bhawan, Sector-4, Panchkula, Haryana – 134112 Email: suda.haryana@yahoo.co.in |
Himachal Pradesh | Directorate of Urban Development | Palika Bhawan, Talland, Shimla Email: ud-hp@nic.in |
Jammu and Kashmir | Jammu and Kashmir Housing Board | Email: Jkhousingboard@yahoo.com,raysltcjkhb@gmail.com |
Jharkhand | Urban Development Department | 3rd floor, Room No: 326, FFP Building, Dhurwa, Ranchi, Jharkhand – 834004Email: jhsltcray@gmail.com,director.ma.goj@gmail.com |
Kerala | State Poverty Eradication Mission | TRIDA Building, Jn. Medical College, PO Thiruvananthapuram Email: uhmkerala@gmail.com |
Madhya Pradesh | Urban Administration and Development, GoMP | Palika Bhawan, Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal – 462016 Email: addlcommuad@mpurban.gov.in,mohit.bundas@mpurban.gov.in |
Maharashtra | Government of Maharashtra | Griha Nirman Bhawan, 4th Floor, Kalanagar, Bandra (East), Mumbai – 400051 Email: mhdirhfa@gmail.com,cemhadapmay@gmail.com |
Manipur | Government of Manipur | Town Planning Department, Government of Manipur, Directorate Complex, North AOC, Imphal – 795001 Email: hfamanipur@gmail.com,tpmanipur@gmail.com |
Meghalaya | Government of Meghalaya | Town Planning Department, Government of Manipur, Directorate Complex, North AOC, Imphal – 795001 Email: hfamanipur@gmail.com,tpmanipur@gmail.com |
Mizoram | Urban Development & Poverty Alleviation, Government of Mizoram | Directorate of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation, Thakthing Tlang, Aizawl, Mizoram – 796005 Email: hvlzara@gmail.com |
Nagaland | Government of Nagaland | Municipal Affairs cell, A.G. Colony, Kohima – 797001 Email: zanbe07@yahoo.in |
Odisha | Housing and Urban Development (H&UD) Department | 1st Floor, State Secretariat, Annex – B, Bhubaneswar – 751001 Email: ouhmodisha@gmail.com |
Puducherry | Government of Puducherry | Town & Country Planning Deptt. Jawahar Nagar Boomianpet Puducherry – 605005 Email: tcppondy@gmail.com |
Punjab | Punjab Urban Development Authority | PUDA Bhawan, Sector 62, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab Email: office@puda.gov.in,ca@puda.gov.in |
Rajasthan | Rajasthan Urban Drinking Water, Sewerage & Infrastructure Corporation Ltd (RUDSICO) | 4-SA-24, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan Email: hfarajasthan2015@gmail.com |
Sikkim | Government of Sikkim | Department of Urban Development and Housing, Government of Sikkim, NH 31A, Gangtok – 737102 Email: gurungdinker@gmail.com |
Tamil Nadu | Government of Tamil Nadu | Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board, No.5 Kamarajar Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu – 600005Email: raytnscb@gmail.com |
Telangana | Government of Telangana | Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration, 3rd Floor, AC Guards Public Health, Lakdikapool, Hyderabad Email: tsmepma@gmail.com |
Tripura | Government of Tripura | Directorate Of Urban Development, Government of Tripura, Pandit Nehru Complex, Gorakha Basti, 3rd Floor, Khadya Bhawan, Agartala – 799006 Email: sipmiutripura@gmail.com |
Uttarakhand | Directorate of Urban Development | State Urban Development Authority 85A, Motharawala Road, Ajabpur Kalan, Dehradun Email: pmayurbanuk@gmail.com |
Karnataka | Government of Karnataka | 9th Floor, Vishweshwaraiah Towers, Dr.Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore – 560001 Email: dmaray2012@gmail.com |
West Bengal | State Urban Development Authority | ILGUS Bhavan, Block HC Block, Sector 3, Bidhannagar, Kolkata – 700106 Email: wbsuda.hfa@gmail.com |
Uttar Pradesh | State Urban Development Agency (SUDA) | Navchetana Kendra, 10, Ashok Marg, Lucknow – 226002 Email: hfaup1@gma |
FAQs
How much subsidy can I get through PMAY?
The amount of subsidy you can get through PMAY depends on your income category and the type of house you are constructing.
- EWS and LIG households in urban areas can receive an interest subsidy of up to 6.5% on the loan amount for the construction of a new house.
- MIG households in urban areas can receive an interest subsidy of up to 4% on the loan amount for the construction of a new house.
- EWS and LIG households in rural areas can receive a grant of INR 2.67 lakhs for the construction of a new house.
- MIG households in rural areas can receive a grant of INR 1.33 lakhs for the construction of a new house.
Is PMAY only for first-time home buyers?
No, PMAY is not only for first-time home buyers. You can also apply for the scheme if you already own a home, as long as you meet the eligibility criteria.
Can I apply for PMAY if I already own a home?
Yes, you can apply for PMAY if you already own a home, as long as you meet the eligibility criteria. However, you will not be eligible for the interest subsidy under the scheme.
What is the credit-linked subsidy scheme (CLSS) under PMAY?
The Credit-Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) is a component of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) that provides interest subsidy to eligible borrowers for the construction or purchase of a house. The CLSS is available to EWS, LIG, and MIG households in both urban and rural areas.
What are the income criteria for PMAY eligibility?
The income criteria for PMAY eligibility vary depending on the income category and the type of house you are constructing.
- EWS households: Annual income of up to INR 3 lakhs
- LIG households: Annual income of more than INR 3 lakhs and up to INR 6 lakhs
- MIG I households: Annual income of more than INR 6 lakhs and up to INR 12 lakhs
- MIG II households: Annual income of more than INR 12 lakhs and up to INR 18 lakhs
How is the subsidy calculated under PMAY?
The interest subsidy under PMAY is calculated on the loan amount and the interest rate. The amount of subsidy is determined by your income category and the type of house you are constructing.
Can I avail of PMAY subsidy for purchasing a plot of land?
No, you cannot avail of PMAY subsidy for purchasing a plot of land. The PMAY subsidy is only available for the construction or purchase of a house.
What is the maximum loan amount eligible under PMAY?
The maximum loan amount eligible under PMAY varies depending on the income category and the type of house you are constructing.
- EWS and LIG households in urban areas: Maximum loan amount of INR 6 lakhs
- MIG I households in urban areas: Maximum loan amount of INR 9 lakhs
- MIG II households in urban areas: Maximum loan amount of INR 12 lakhs
- EWS and LIG households in rural areas: Maximum loan amount of INR 2.67 lakhs
- MIG I households in rural areas: Maximum loan amount of INR 3.33 lakhs
- MIG II households in rural areas: Maximum loan amount of INR 4 lakhs
Is PMAY applicable for renovation or repair of existing houses?
No, PMAY is not applicable for renovation or repair of existing houses. The PMAY scheme only provides assistance for the construction or purchase of a new house.
Conclusion
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a government-led initiative to provide affordable housing to economically weaker sections and low-income groups in India. The scheme is implemented through three verticals: PMAY-U (urban), PMAY-G (rural), and PMAY-CLSS (credit-linked subsidy scheme).
The PMAY scheme has been a major success, with over 24 million houses constructed or approved as of August 2023. The scheme has helped to improve the living conditions of millions of people and has also boosted the economy by creating jobs in the construction sector.
The PMAY scheme is a laudable initiative by the government of India to address the issue of housing shortage in the country. The scheme has been successful in providing affordable housing to millions of people so far, and it is expected to continue to benefit millions more in the years to come.
Here are some of the key benefits of the PMAY scheme:
- Provides financial assistance to eligible beneficiaries for the construction or improvement of their houses.
- Helps to improve the living conditions of millions of people.
- Boosts the economy by creating jobs in the construction sector.
- Provides a sense of security and stability to low-income families.
The PMAY scheme is a valuable asset to the Indian economy and society. It has the potential to transform the lives of millions of people and make India a more inclusive and equitable society.
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